Business refers to the human activities directed towards satisfying customer needs through production and distribution of goods and services. Environment is the aggregate of conditions, events and influences that surround and affect an organization. Business is environment specific.
Business environment refers to the institutions or forces that affect the business organization's performance. It is the set of all the conditions and events that are directly or indirectly related to the operation and development of a business. It is formed by internal and external factors. The internal factors consist of conditions inside the organization. They are organizational goals and policies, structure, culture and resources. The external factors are outside the organization and consist of the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal, and global factors. Hence, business environment is the aggregate of all conditions, events and influences that surround and affect a business. Business environment is complex, dynamic, multi-faceted and have far-reaching impact. A business is a dynamic entity as it operates in different environments existing around it.
A business runs in a changing and unique environment. It has to respond to the changing environmental conditions affecting the demand of its products, the behaviors of competitors, and changes in government policy.
From the above discussion, it may be concluded that business environment is the combination of the conditions and events inside and outside the business and affects it significantly.
Business System and Its Environment
Business environment is an integral part of business system. Business is an open system. A business is involved in transformation of input into output. It accumulates the inputs required from the environment. Similarly, it transmits its output to the environment. Hence, a business has a very close relationship with its environment. The business system is largely affected by the internal as well as external environment of a business. The business system is goal oriented. There is a constant interaction between the business system and its environment which prepares the business for change.
Nature/ Features of Business Environment
Business environment is the sum total of the environmental factors which provide an atmosphere to the business. It normally refers to the factors outside the organization that can lead to opportunities for or threats to the business. The following are some of the notable characteristics of business environment.
1. Complex:
Business environment consists of interacting events, conditions and influences arising from varied sources. Hence, it is complex in nature. Due to complexity, it is difficult to predict the business environment.
2. Dynamic:
Business environment is dynamic in nature. It continuously changes in shape and character. Globalization and development of technology have brought dynamism in every aspects of business environment. Dynamism of business environment makes it uncertain.
3. Multi-faceted:
Different people perceive the environmental changes differently. A particular change or development in the environment can be opportunity for one organization but it could be threat for another organization. Hence, business environment is multi-faceted. For example, the present crisis by COVID-19 has been opportunity for many IT and healthcare organizations.
4. Far-reaching impact:
Business environment exerts far-reaching impact on business organization. It greatly affects the capacity on an organization over a long period.
5. Aggregate of factors:
Business environment includes events, conditions and trends in environment. Hence, it can be stated as the aggregate of various factors.
6.Interrelatedness:
There are many components of business environment. They are related to each other. Hence, change in one factor affects other factors. For example, change in government may lead to change in economic policy.
7.Reciprocal:
The relationship between a business and its environment is reciprocal. Environment influences business. Similarly, business firms may also influence the environment through lobbying.
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