Human resource refers to the human power or skill or knowledgerequired for carrying out any work. It is also called workforce or human force and mind-power. The work done through human resource might either apply manual, mechanical or mind force. And, such work can be classified into four major types:
a) Primary:Producing raw materials for subsistence use or commercial purpose (farming, forestry, fishing, mining, etc.)
b) Secondary:Producing goods by using different raw materials (processing food grains, production of goods in factory, construction of buildings, handicrafts, etc.)
c) Tertiary:Providing services or utilities to other (transportation, communication, pharmacy, government jobs, shop keeping, hotels, restaurants, teaching, etc.)
d) Others:Expert services or works (research, invention, discovery, planning and programming, etc.)
Whatever the nature of work might be, a country needs human resources of all sorts. To say precisely, human resource is a key in bringing economic, social, cultural and scientific prosperity in a nation.
Types of Human Resource
Human resource can be classified on a number of grounds. All of these are equally important for the smooth progress of a nation. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore that skilled and sustainable human resource hold a greater significance since it can produce and mobilize all types of human resources required and available.
Based on Skill and Nature of Work
Unskilled: Those workforce with little skill but have to do manual work. Examples: labourers, workers, porters, etc.
Semi-skilled: Those not having perfect expertise, skill and efficiency but can carry out the basic work of their field. Examples: drivers, plumbers, electricians, etc.
Skilled: Those having full expertise, skill and efficiency, and can carry out work independently. Examples: engineers, doctors, teachers, etc.However, some experts have even added one more category in the list i.e. highly skilled.
Skilled human resource holds more importance than other two.
Based on Tenure of Service
Based on tenure of service, human resources can be categorized into three types.
Short-term Human Resource:
It is the human power prepared for fulfilling the short-term or immediate needs of a nation. For instance, census enumerator, volunteer, rescuer, temporary police during election, plant harvesters, paper folders, etc.
Long-term Human Resource:
The workforce prepared for fulfilling both the immediate and future needs of a country is long-term human resource. Its examples include civil servants, police, army, etc. Their direct contribution gets over after a fixed tenure in work. Once retired, they do not tend to become too active.
Sustainable Human Resource:
This is the human power that can serve throughout life once the knowledge or skill is gained and updated timely. Teachers, doctors, engineers, planners, etc. fall under this category.
Among all, sustainable human resource has the greatest significance for the national development.
Human Resource Development (HRD) and Human Resource Management (HRM)
Both the human resource development and human resource management are integral parts of human resource. The preparation or production of human resource for any development work is understood as HR development. Actually, HR development is the framework for equipping employees with their personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities for better output in an organization. It builds up confidence, sharpens skill and boosts up the morale of the employees. It can be prepared and updated through education, timely trainings, seminars and market surveys.
Need of Human Resource Development
Human resources should be developed so that they can be recruited and mobilized according to necessities.
Workforce needs to be cut off or increased sometimes according to situations such as over or under-staffing. Human resource development becomes useful in such situations.
Development of diversified human resource can be mobilized for diversified works.
It can also supply demand of workforce in the nation.
Different acts done for development of employees boost up motivation in them and their work efficiency increases.
Due to increased work efficiency, productivity of an organization and the whole country can be increased
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Human Resource Management, on the other hand, refers to the formal systemdevised for the management of workforce within an organization. It is the process of hiring and developing employees, and treating them as valuable assets. HRM includes job analysis, planning, recruiting right personnel, orienting and training, managing wages, salaries and incentives, and evaluating performances. An HR manager has threemajor responsibilities to maximize employees' performance in service: staffing, employee compensation, and defining or designing work.
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